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Lopez BCorresponding Author

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Propaganda on Two Wheels: The Spanish Republican Team in the 1937 Tour de France

Publicated to:International Journal Of The History Of Sport. 36 (2-3): 267-293 - 2019-02-11 36(2-3), DOI: 10.1080/09523367.2019.1650026

Authors: López B

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Abstract

© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. In July 1937, as the Spanish Civil War raged on several fronts, including the battle for international prestige and legitimacy, six Spanish cyclists were racing along the French roads in the Tour de France, clad in purple–red–yellow jerseys, the colours of the endangered Spanish Republic. This sporting episode, laden with political significance, is one of the first (if not the very first) instances of a government attempting to use international sport for propaganda purposes at a time of war. The sporting success of the team (two stage wins) was poorly exploited by the Republican authorities for its propaganda potential, due to flaws that affected the propaganda strategies of the Republicans throughout the war: improvisation, dispersion of initiatives, and lack of coordination.

Keywords

CiclismeCyclingEsportGuerra civil española (1936-1939)PropagandaSpanish civil warSportTour de france

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal International Journal Of The History Of Sport due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2019, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category History. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q4 for the agency WoS (JCR) in the category History.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.42. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 1.32 (source consulted: Dimensions May 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-05-27, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 2
  • Scopus: 2
  • OpenCitations: 1

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-05-27:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 7.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 7 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.35.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 2 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (López López, Bernat) and Last Author (López López, Bernat).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been López López, Bernat.