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Article

Emotions and feelings in critical and emergency caring situations: A qualitative study

Publicated to:Bmc Nursing. 19 (1): 60- - 2020-07-01 19(1), DOI: 10.1186/s12912-020-00438-6

Authors: Jimenez-Herrera, Maria F; Llaurado-Serra, Mireia; Acebedo-Urdiales, Sagrario; Bazo-Hernandez, Leticia; Font-Jimenez, Isabel; Axelsson, Christer

Affiliations

Abstract

© 2020 The Author(s). Background: Moral emotions are a key element of our human morals. Emotions play an important role in the caring process. Decision-making and assessment in emergency situations are complex and they frequently result in different emotions and feelings among health-care professionals. Methods: The study had qualitative deductive design based on content analysis. Individual interviews and focus groups were conducted with sixteen participants. Results: The emerging category emotions and feelings in caringhas been analysed according to Haidt, considering that moral emotions include the subcategories of Condemning emotions, Self-conscious emotions, Suffering emotionsand Praising emotions. Within these subcategories, we found that the feelings that nurses experienced when ethical conflicts arose in emergency situations were related to caring and decisions associated with it, even when they had experienced situations in which they believed they could have helped the patient differently, but the conditions at the time did not permit it and they felt that the ethical conflicts in clinical practice created a large degree of anxiety and moral stress. The nurses felt that caring, as seen from a nursing perspective, has a sensitive dimension that goes beyond the patient's own healing and, when this dimension is in conflict with the environment, it has a dehumanising effect. Positive feelings and satisfaction are created when nurses feel that care has met its objectives and that there has been an appropriate response to the needs. Conclusions: Moral emotions can help nurses to recognise situations that allow them to promote changes in the care of patients in extreme situations. They can also be the starting point for personal and professional growth and an evolution towards person-centred care.

Keywords

critical careemergency careCareConflictsCritical careEmergency careMoral emotionsNurses perceptions

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Bmc Nursing due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2020, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Nursing (Miscellaneous).

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 3.85. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 6.16 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 17.11 (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-03, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 37
  • Scopus: 53
  • Europe PMC: 8
  • Google Scholar: 64
  • OpenCitations: 34

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-03:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 272.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 268 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 7.1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 8 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/imarina6685110

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Sweden.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Jiménez Herrera, María Francisca) .

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Jiménez Herrera, María Francisca.