Metabolic syndrome criteria and severity and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in an adult population

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Metabolic syndrome criteria and severity and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in an adult population

Publicated to:Globalization And Health. 19 (1): 50-50 - 2023-07-13 19(1), DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-00948-3

Authors: Garcia, Silvia; Pastor, Rosario; Monserrat-Mesquida, Margalida; Rubin-Garcia, Maria; Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel Angel; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Corella, Dolores; Goday, Albert; Martinez, J Alfredo; Alonso-Gomez, Angel M; Warnberg, Julia; Vioque, Jesus; Romaguera, Dora; Lopez-Miranda, Jose; Estruch, Ramon; Tinahones, Francisco J; Lapetra, Jose; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Riquelme-Gallego, Blanca; Pinto, Xavier; Gaforio, Jose J; Matia, Pilar; Vidal, Josep; Vazquez, Clotilde; Daimiel, Lidia; Ros, Emilio; Sayon-Orea, Carmen; Guillem-Saiz, Patricia; Valle-Hita, Cristina; Cabanes, Robert; Abete, Itziar; Goicolea-Guemez, Leire; Gomez-Gracia, Enrique; Tercero-Macia, Cristina; Colom, Antoni; Garcia-Rios, Antonio; Castro-Barquero, Sara; Fernandez-Garcia, Jose C; Santos-Lozano, Jose Manuel; Cenoz, Juan Carlos; Barragan, Rocio; Khoury, Nadine; Castaner, Olga; Zulet, Maria Angeles; Vaquero-Luna, Jessica; Bes-Rastrollo, Maira; de las Heras-Delgado, Sara; Ciurana, Ramon; Martin-Sanchez, Vicente; Tur, Josep A; Bouzas, Cristina

Affiliations

Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department. Human Nutrition Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Reus, 43201, Spain. - Author

Cardiometabolics Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain. - Author

Catholic Univ Avila, Fac Hlth Sci, Avila 05005, Spain - Author

CEI UAM CSIC, Cardiometab Precis Nutr Program, IMDEA Food, Madrid 28049, Spain - Author

CEI UAM CSIC, Precis Nutr & Obes Program, IMDEA Food Nutr Control Epigenome Grp, Madrid 28049, Spain - Author

Centro Salud Raval, Elche-Alicante, 03203, Spain. - Author

CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain. - Author

CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain. - Author

CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain. pep.tur@uib.es. - Author

CIBEROBN, Guillem Colom Bldg, E-07122 Palma De Mallorca, Spain - Author

Ctr Salud Raval, Elche Alicante 03203, Spain - Author

Departament of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08003, Spain. - Author

Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, 28040, Spain. - Author

Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Lipid Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, 08036, Spain. - Author

Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, Madrid, 28040, Spain. - Author

Department of Endocrinology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain. - Author

Department of Endocrinology, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, University of Málaga, Málaga, 29010, Spain. - Author

Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, 41013, Spain. - Author

Department of Health Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, Jaen, 23071, Spain. - Author

Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain. - Author

Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, 29071, Spain. - Author

Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain. - Author

Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, 31008, Spain. - Author

Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain. - Author

Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46100, Spain. - Author

Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Málaga, 29010, Spain. - Author

Dist Sanitario Atenc Primaria Sevilla, Dept Family Med, Res Unit, Seville 41013, Spain - Author

Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Avila, Avila, 05005, Spain. - Author

Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Dept Endocrinol, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author

Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, 07120, Spain. - Author

Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, 07120, Spain. pep.tur@uib.es. - Author

Hlth Res Inst Balearic Isl IdISBa, Palma de Mallorca 07120, Spain - Author

Hosp Clin Barcelona, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi Sunyer IDIBAPS, Dept Endocrinol & Nutr, Lipid Clin, Barcelona 08036, Spain - Author

Hosp Univ Bellvitge, Lipids & Vasc Risk Unit, Internal Med, Barcelona 08907, Spain - Author

Inst Hosp del Mar Invest Med Municipal Invest Med, Unit Cardiovasc Risk & Nutr, Barcelona 08003, Spain - Author

Inst Invest Sanitaria San Carlos IdISSC, Dept Endocrinol & Nutr, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author

Inst Salud Carlos III ISCIII, CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Madrid 28029, Spain - Author

Inst Salud Carlos III ISCIII, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBEROBN, Madrid 28029, Spain - Author

Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, 35016, Spain. - Author

Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Leon, 24071, Spain. - Author

Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), Alicante, 03550, Spain. - Author

Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain. - Author

Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain. - Author

Navarra Institute of Public Health. Regional Health Service of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. - Author

Navarra Regional Health Service, Primary Health Care Services, Pamplona, Spain. - Author

Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 48013, Spain. - Author

Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program.IMDEA Food, Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain. - Author

Primary Hlth Care Serv, Navarra Reg Hlth Serv, Pamplona, Spain - Author

Reg Hlth Serv Navarra, Navarra Inst Publ Hlth, Pamplona, Spain - Author

Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands & CIBEROBN, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. - Author

Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands & CIBEROBN, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. pep.tur@uib.es. - Author

Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain. - Author

Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Med, Barcelona 08003, Spain - Author

Univ Balearic Isl, Res Grp Community Nutr & Oxidat Stress, Guillem Colom Bldg, E-07122 Palma De Mallorca, Spain - Author

Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin, Dept Endocrinol, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain - Author

Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin, Dept Internal Med, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain - Author

Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Araba Univ Hosp, Bioaraba Hlth Res Inst, Osakidetza Basque Hlth Serv, Vitoria 48013, Spain - Author

Univ Cordoba, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Maimonides Biomed Res Inst Cordoba IMIBIC, Dept Internal Med,Lipid & Atherosclerosis Unit, Cordoba 14004, Spain - Author

Univ Granada, Dept Prevent Med, Granada 18071, Spain - Author

Univ Jaen, Ctr Adv Studies Olive Grove & Olive Oils, Dept Hlth Sci, Jaen 23071, Spain - Author

Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Inst Biomed Res, Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35016, Spain - Author

Univ Leon, Inst Biomed IBIOMED, Leon 24071, Spain - Author

Univ Malaga, Biomed Res Inst Malaga IBIMA, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Psychiat, Malaga 29010, Spain - Author

Univ Malaga, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Nursing, IBIMA, Malaga 29071, Spain - Author

Univ Malaga, Virgen de la Victoria Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Malaga 29010, Spain - Author

Univ Miguel Hernandez ISABIAL UMH, Inst Invest Sanitaria & Biomed Alicante, Alicante 03550, Spain - Author

Univ Navarra, Ctr Nutr Res, Dept Nutr Food Sci & Physiol, Pamplona 31008, Spain - Author

Univ Navarra, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, IDISNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain - Author

Univ Rovira i Virgili, Hosp Univ St Joan, Biochem & Biotechnol Dept, Human Nutr Unit,IISPV, Reus 43201, Spain - Author

Univ Valencia, Dept Prevent Med, Valencia 46100, Spain - Author

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a growing risk factor of some non-communicable diseases. Increase of greenhouse gas emissions affects the planet.To assess the association between MetS severity and amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted in an adult population.Cross-sectional study (n = 6646; 55-76-year-old-men; 60-75-year-old-women with MetS).Dietary habits were assessed using a pre-validated semi quantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire. The amount of CO2 emitted due to the production of food consumed by person and day was calculated using a European database, and the severity of the MetS was calculated with the MetS Severity Score.Higher glycaemia levels were found in people with higher CO2 emissions. The risk of having high severe MetS was related to high CO2 emissions.Low CO2 emissions diet would help to reduce MetS severity. Advantages for both health and the environment were found following a more sustainable diet.ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870 . Registered 05 September 2013.© 2023. The Author(s).

Keywords

Co2 emissionsDietEnvironmentGlycaemiaMetabolic syndromeNon-communicable diseases

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Globalization And Health due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 28/408, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Public, Environmental & Occupational Health. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 3.3, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-26, the following number of citations:

WoS: 2
Scopus: 2

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Metabolic syndrome criteria and severity and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in an adult population

Affiliations

Abstract

Keywords

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

Impact and social visibility