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We want to thank the University of Barcelona's body donation service, especially Cristina Manzanares, Juan Antonio Camara, Jose Luis Ramon Cayuela, and Gemma Ramon Cayuela for their assistance. We are grateful to Dr. Tracy Kivell who gave us the micro-CT data of the orangutan phalanx and to the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt, where this specimen is housed. We are also grateful to Clement Zanolli for the translation into French. We acknowledge NESPOS, and KUPRI for the CT scans of the non-human primates used in this study and the original providers of the material: Tennoji Zoo, Fukuoka City Zoo and the Fukuchiyama City Zoo. This work was supported by the General Directorate of Research of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (MICINN-FEDER: grant number PGC2018-093925-BC32); the Government of Catalonia (AGAUR: grant number 2017SGR 1040); the URV Project 2016 PFR-URV-B2-17; the Becas Chile Program of the Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT); the DFG, German Research Foundation (grant number KA 1525/9-2); and the Government of Catalonia's CERCA program. T.A.P was funded by the Leverhulme Trust Early Career Fellowship (grant number ECF-2018-264).

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Finite element analysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb in Hominoidea during simulated stone tool use

Publicat a:Comptes Rendus Palevol. 19 (2): 26-39 - 2020-08-10 19(2), DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2020v19a2

Autors: Bucchi, Ana; Puschel, Thomas A; Lorenzo, Carlos; Marce-Nogue, Jordi

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Finite element analysis was applied to analyze six individuals from different primate species (Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758, Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864, Pan troglodytes Blumenbach, 1779, Gorilla gorilla Savage, 1847, Pongo pygmaeus Linnaeus, 1760 and Hylobates lar Linnaeus, 1771) to identify stress distribution patterns on the pollical proximal phalanx during simulated hammerstone use. We expected the stress to be better distributed in our species than in other hominids based on the idea that, unlike apes, the human hand is adapted to tool-related behaviors. Our results indicate that the human phalanx unevenly distributes stresses and is one of the most fragile of all, especially when a small hammerstone is simulated. Tool orientation relative to the phalanx did not have a substantial effect on average stress or distribution. We conclude that great apes can resist loads exerted during this activity more efficiently than humans and that there were probably other evolutionary factors acting on this bone in our species.

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