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Skrynyk, OlegAuthorAguilar EAuthor

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October 30, 2020
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Uncertainty evaluation of Climatol's adjustment algorithm applied to daily air temperature time series

Publicated to:International Journal Of Climatology. 41 (S1): E2395-E2419 - 2021-01-01 41(S1), DOI: 10.1002/joc.6854

Authors: Skrynyk, Oleg; Aguilar, Enric; Guijarro, Jose; Randriamarolaza, Luc Yannick Andreas; Bubin, Sergiy

Affiliations

Direct Gen Meteorol, Div Meteorol Appl, Antananarivo, Madagascar - Author
Direction Générale de la Météorologie - Author
Nazarbayev Univ, Dept Phys, Nur Sultan, Kazakhstan - Author
Nazarbayev University - Author
State Meteorol Agcy AEMET, Balearic Islands Off, Palma De Mallorca, Spain - Author
State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) - Author
Ukrainian Hydrometeorol Inst, Div Atmospher Phys, Kiev, Ukraine - Author
Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Kiev - Author
Univ Rovira & Virgili, Geog Dept, Ctr Climate Change, C3, 15 C Joanot Martorell, Tarragona 43480, Spain - Author
Universitat Rovira i Virgili - Author
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Abstract

© 2020 Royal Meteorological Society The present study investigated the uncertainty associated with Climatol's adjustment algorithm applied to daily minimum and maximum air temperature. The uncertainty quantification was performed based on several numerical experiments and the benchmark data that were created in the framework of the INDECIS project. Using a complex approach, the uncertainty was evaluated at different levels of detail (day-to-day evaluation through formalism of random functions and six statistical metrics) and time resolution (daily and yearly). However, only the main source of potential residual errors was considered, namely station signals introduced into a raw data set to be homogenized/adjusted. Other influencing factors, such as the averaged correlation between a candidate and references, were removed from the analysis or kept almost unchanged. According to our calculations, the Climatol's adjustment uncertainty, evaluated on the daily scale, varies over time. The width of the residual errors distribution in summer months is substantially less compared with wintertime. The slight seasonality is also observed in the means of the residual errors. The uncertainty evaluation based on the statistical metrics usually neglect such seasonal non-stationarity of the residual errors providing only assessments averaged over time. On the other hand, the metrics provide detailed information regarding both types of the residual errors, systematic and scatter. The metrics values confirmed good capability of the Climatol software to remove the systematic errors related to jumps in the means, while the scatter errors are removed from the raw time series less efficiently. On the yearly scale, the uncertainty evaluation was performed for the yearly temperature data and several climate extreme indices. Both types of errors are removed well in the yearly time series of the air temperature and the extreme indices. The metrics values showed a significant reduction of the Climatol's adjustment uncertainty. A substantial decrease of the linear trend errors in the yearly time series can also be observed.

Keywords

BenchmarkingClimatolDiscontinuitiesExtremesHomogeneity testHomogenization adjustmentHomogenization algorithmsIndecisIndexesMinimum and maximum daily air temperatureQualityTrendsUncertainty

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal International Journal Of Climatology due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position 45/94, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q2 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría Atmospheric Science.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 2.03, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-04, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 11
  • Scopus: 11
  • Google Scholar: 12

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-04:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 21.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 21 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Kazakhstan; Madagascar; Ukraine.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Skrynyk O) .

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Skrynyk O.