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Dye Degradation, Antimicrobial Activity, and Molecular Docking Analysis of Samarium-Grafted Carbon Nitride Doped-Bismuth Oxobromide Quantum Dots

Publicated to:Global Challenges. 7 (12): 2300118- - 2023-11-10 7(12), DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300118

Authors: Rani, Shams; Imran, Muhammad; Haider, Ali; Shahzadi, Anum; Ul-Hamid, Anwar; Somaily, H H; Moeen, Sawaira; Khan, Mahreen; Nabgan, Walid; Ikram, Muhammad

Affiliations

COMSATS Univ, Dept Pharm, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan - Author
COMSATS University Islamabad - Author
Government College University Faisalabad - Author
Government College University Lahore - Author
Govt Coll Univ Faisalabad, Dept Chem, Pakpattan Rd, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan - Author
Govt Coll Univ Lahore, Dept Phys, Solar Cell Applicat Res Lab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan - Author
King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Core Res Facil, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia - Author
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals - Author
King Khalid Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia - Author
King Khalid University - Author
Muhammad Nawaz Shareef Univ Agr, Fac Vet & Anim Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Multan 66000, Pakistan - Author
Univ Rovira I Virgili, Dept Engn Quim, Paisos Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain - Author
Universitat Rovira i Virgili - Author
University of Agriculture - Author
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Abstract

Various concentrations of samarium-grafted-carbon nitride (Sm-g-C3N4) doped-bismuth oxobromide (BiOBr) quantum dots (QDs) are prepared by the co-precipitation method. Elemental evaluation, morphological, optical, and functional group assessment are studied employing characterization techniques. Based on the XRD pattern analysis, it is determined that BiOBr exhibits a tetragonal crystal structure. The electronic spectroscopy revealed an absorption peak for BiOBr at 315 nm and the bandgap energy (Eg) decreasing from 3.9 to 3.8 eV with the insertion of Sm-g-C3N4. The presence of vibrational modes related to BiOBr at 550 cm−1 is confirmed through FTIR spectra. TEM revealed that pure BiOBr possessed non-uniform QDS, and agglomeration increased with the addition of Sm-g-C3N4. The catalytic performance of Sm-g-C3N4 into BiOBr (6 mL) in a neutral medium toward rhodamine B exhibited excellent results (99.66%). The bactericidal activity is evaluated against multi-drug resistance (MDR) Escherichia coli once the surface area is increased by dopant and the measured inhibition zone is assessed to be 3.65 mm. Molecular docking results supported the in vitro bactericidal potential of Sm-g-C3N4 and Sm-g-C3N4 doped-BiOBr as DNA gyraseE. coli inhibitors. This study shows that the novel Sm-g-C3N4 doped-BiOBr is a better catalyst that increases specific semiconductor's catalytic activity (CA).

Keywords
ciprofloxacinco-precipitationco2compositediscoverydopingescherichia colievolutionextractnanoparticlenanowiresoptimizationreductionCatalyticCiprofloxacinCo-precipitationCo‐precipitationDopingEscherichia coliLight photocatalytic activity

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Global Challenges due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 20/134, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Multidisciplinary Sciences.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 2.93. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 2.36 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 3.74 (source consulted: Dimensions May 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-05-22, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 16
  • Scopus: 17
  • Europe PMC: 5
Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-05-22:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 8 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/imarina9332001
Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Pakistan; Saudi Arabia.