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This research was founded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Financial support from the Project CTQ2016-77128-R.

Analysis of institutional authors

Riu JAuthorBoque RAuthorGiussani BAuthor

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August 24, 2020
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Rapid Analysis of Milk Using Low-Cost Pocket-Size NIR Spectrometers and Multivariate Analysis

Publicated to:Foods. 9 (8): 1090- - 2020-08-01 9(8), DOI: 10.3390/foods9081090

Authors: Riu, Jordi; Gorla, Giulia; Chakif, Dib; Boque, Ricard; Giussani, Barbara

Affiliations

Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. - Author
Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio, 9, 22100 Como, Italy. - Author
Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Sci & Alta Tecnol, Via Valleggio 9, I-22100 Como, Italy - Author
Univ Rovira & Virgili, Dept Analyt Chem & Organ Chem, Tarragona 43007, Spain - Author

Abstract

The miniaturisation of analytical devices, reduction of analytical data acquisition time, or the reduction of waste generation throughout the analytical process are important requirements of modern analytical chemistry, and in particular of green analytical chemistry. Green analytical chemistry has fostered the development of a new generation of miniaturized near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) spectrometric systems. However, one of the drawbacks of these systems is the need for a compromise between the performance parameters (accuracy and sensitivity) and the aforementioned requirements of green analytical chemistry. In this paper, we evaluated the capabilities of two recently developed portable NIR instruments (SCiO and NeoSpectra) to achieve a rapid, simple and low-cost quantitative determination of commercial milk macronutrients. Commercial milk samples from Italy, Switzerland and Spain were chosen, covering the maximum range of variability in protein, carbohydrate and fat content, and multivariate calibration was used to correlate the recorded spectra with the macronutrient content of milk. Both SCiO and NeoSpectra can provide a fast and reliable analysis of fats in commercial milk, and they are able to correctly classify milk according to fat level. SCiO can also provide predictions of protein content and classification according to presence or absence of lactose.

Keywords

AccuracyAdulterationChromatographyClassificationFatty-acidsGreen analytical chemistryHand-heldLight-scatteringMilkMultivariate analysisNear-infrared spectroscopyNirPortable instrumentationRaw-milkReflectanceSpectroscopy

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Foods due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2020, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Health Professions (Miscellaneous).

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.75. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 2 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 6.47 (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-05, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 40
  • Scopus: 45
  • Europe PMC: 15
  • Google Scholar: 52

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-05:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 112 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
    • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/imarina7709513

    Leadership analysis of institutional authors

    This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Italy.

    There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Riu Rusell, Jordi) and Last Author (Giussani, Barbara).