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The authors declare that this study was funded by HTBA (Murcia, Spain), who kindly provided the products used in the study, but they did not participate in the experimental design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation of the data, writing of the manuscript or in the decision to publish the results.

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Companys Alemany, JuditAuthorPla Paga, LauraAuthorHerrero Gil, PolAuthorDel Bas Prior, José MaríaAuthorPedret Figuerola, AnnaAuthorArola Ferrer, Luis MariaAuthorSolà Alberich, Rosa MariaAuthorValls Zamora, Rosa MariaAuthor

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July 4, 2022
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Hesperidin Bioavailability Is Increased by the Presence of 2S-Diastereoisomer and Micronization-A Randomized, Crossover and Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Publicated to:Nutrients. 14 (12): 2481- - 2022-06-01 14(12), DOI: 10.3390/nu14122481

Authors: Crescenti, Anna; Caimari, Antoni; Maria Alcaide-Hidalgo, Juan; Marine-Casado, Roger; Valls, Rosa M; Companys, Judit; Salamanca, Patricia; Calderon-Perez, Lorena; Pla-Paga, Laura; Pedret, Anna; Delpino-Rius, Antoni; Herrero, Pol; Samarra, Iris; Arola, Lluis; Sola, Rosa; Del Bas, Josep M

Affiliations

Eurecat, Ctr Tecnol Catalunya, Biotechnol Area, Av Univ 1, Reus 43204, Spain - Author
Eurecat, Ctr Tecnol Catalunya, Unitat Ciencies Omiques, Av Univ 1, Reus 43204, Spain - Author
Eurecat, Ctr Tecnol Catalunya, Unitat Nutricio & Salut, Av Univ 1, Reus 43204, Spain - Author
Hosp Univ St Joan de Reus, Internal Med Serv, Av Doctor Josep Laporte 2, Reus 43204, Spain - Author
Univ Rovira & Virgili, Funct Nutr, Fac Med & Ciencies Salut, Oxidat & Cardiovasc Dis Grp NFOC Salut, St Llorenc 21, Reus 43201, Spain - Author
Univ Rovira & Virgili, Nutrigen Res Grp, Dept Biochem & Biotechnol, Campus Sescelades, Tarragona 43007, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Hesperidin is a flavanone abundantly found in citrus fruits for which health beneficial effects have been reported. However, hesperidin shows a low bioavailability among individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the micronization process and 2R- and 2S-hesperidin diastereoisomers ratio on hesperidin bioavailability. In a first phase, thirty healthy individuals consumed 500 mL of orange juice with 345 mg of hesperidin, and the levels of hesperidin metabolites excreted in urine were determined. In the second phase, fifteen individuals with intermediate hesperidin metabolite levels excreted in urine were randomized in a crossover, postprandial and double-blind intervention study. Participants consumed 500 mg of the hesperidin-supplemented Hesperidin epimeric mixture (HEM), the micronized Hesperidin epimeric mixture (MHEM) and micronized 2S-Hesperidin (M2SH) in each study visit with 1 week of washout. Hesperidin metabolites and catabolites were determined in blood and urine obtained at different timepoints over a 24 h period. The bioavailability-relative urinary hesperidin excretion (% of hesperidin ingested)-of M2SH (70 +/- 14%) formed mainly by 2S-diastereoisomer was significantly higher than the bioavailability of the MHEM (55 +/- 15%) and HEM (43 +/- 8.0%), which consisted of a mixture of both hesperidin diastereoisomers. Relative urinary excretion of hesperidin metabolites for MHEM (9.2 +/- 1.6%) was significantly higher compared to the HEM (5.2 +/- 0.81%) and M2SH (3.6 +/- 1.0%). In conclusion, the bioavailability of 2S-hesperidin extract was higher compared to the standard mixture of 2S-/2R-hesperidin extract due to a greater formation of hesperidin catabolites. Furthermore, the micronization process increased hesperidin bioavailability.

Keywords

AbsorptionBeveragesBioavailabilityBiological availabilityCatabolitesCitrus flavanonesCitrus sinensisGut microbiotaHesperetinHesperetin enantiomersHesperidinHesperidin diastereoisomersHumansMetabolismMetabolitesMicronizationNaringeninOrange juice (poly)phenolsPharmacokineticsPlant extractsUrinary excretionUrinary-excretion

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Nutrients due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2022, it was in position 17/88, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Nutrition & Dietetics.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.11. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 5.61 (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-16, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 12
  • Scopus: 11
  • Europe PMC: 7
  • Google Scholar: 7

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-16:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 34.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 34 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 0.25.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/imarina9267361